Droplet coalescence using a microfluidic hydrodynamic trap

Coalescence of micrometer-sized droplets to form larger drops is a fundamental process leading to separation of complex emulsions. Single droplet coalescence experiments are challenging, particularly with micrometer-sized droplets, compared to bulk studies. We have shown using microfluidics that the dynamic interfacial tension equilibration timescale is orders of magnitude shorter in micrometer-scale droplets compared to large millimeter-sized drops. Here we employ a microfluidic hydrodynamic trap to trap and coalesce single micrometer-sized droplets formed on-chip using feedback pressure control. Similar to the macro-scale four-roll mill, single droplet coalescence experiments are conducted using a microfluidic trap, with precise control over droplet size and speed. The systems studied are light and heavy mineral oils with varying concentrations of SPAN 80 in the continuous phase, with water as the dispersed phase. Film drainage times are measured as a function of Capillary number, surfactant concentration and viscosity ratio.