The effect of the particle mass loading in particle dispersed multiphase turbulence channel flow

In particle dispersed multiphase channel flow, the interaction between particles and fluid is extremely complex. Many factors such as particle size, particle density, Stokes number and particle mass loading play assignable role in modulation of the flow statistics and coherent structure. The effect of the particle mass loading has been explored in two-way coupled direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow. Some fluid statistics such as stream-wise Reynolds stress show non-monotonicity with particle mass loading increasing. Two main mechanisms account for the phenomenon: More particles means stronger interaction between particles and fluid; With particle mass loading increasing, the characteristic time scale of the fluid increases, which means the Stokes number of the particles decreases , the particles become “lighter” and weaken the effect of the particles.