Time-resolved and statistical PIV measurements in a refractive index matched flume to elucidate the turbulent flow structure over 3D bedforms

Barchan dunes are three-dimensional, crescent-shaped bedforms, and while most commonly associated with aeolian environments, recent observations have shown them to form in subaqueous and extraterrestrial environments as well. As barchans migrate in the direction of the flow, they interact with their neighbors, typically by way of a collision. The morphodynamics of such collision processes are complex, where the role of the turbulent flow structure is strongly coupled to that of the sediment transport and morphological change. Here we study the flow structure in a decoupled manner through measurements of the turbulent flow over fixed-bed models of barchan dunes in various configurations involved in a barchan collision process. Particle image velocimetry is used to measure the flow in a refractive-index matched flume environment that enables uninhibited access to the whole flow field around these geometrically complex bedforms. Presented herein are results from temporally resolved stereo PIV measurements showing the dynamics of turbulent flow structure in the cross-plane, as well as turbulent statistics from low frame-rate 2D PIV measurements in streamwise–wall-parallel planes.