Velocimetry in both phases of a cavitating flow by fast X-ray imaging

A promising method to measure velocity fields in a cavitating flow is presented. Dynamics of the liquid phase and of the bubbles are both investigated. The measurements are based on ultra fast X-ray imaging performed at the APS (Advanced Photon Source) of the Argonne National Laboratory. The experimental device consists of a millimetric Venturi test section associated with a transportable hydraulic loop. Various configurations of velocity, pressure, and temperature have been investigated. Radio-opaque particles are used as tracers for the liquid phase, in association with a multi-pixels sensor to record the successive positions of the particles. The use of X-rays instead of light solves the problem of light reflection and dispersion on phase boundaries, since X-rays penetrate a gas/liquid flow in straight lines. Images contain simultaneously the information related to the particles (for PIV analysis in the liquid), to the vapor bubbles (for PIV in the gas). The slip velocity between vapor and liquid is calculated everywhere both velocities can be obtained.