Predictive wall model and LES applied to the flat-plate turbulent boundary layer

An empirical inner-outer wall model (Mathis {\it et al}, {\it JFM 2011}) is used, together with time series of stream-wise, resolved-scale velocities within the logarithmic region obtained from large-eddy simulations (LES), to calculate turbulence intensities $\overline{u'^2}/u_\tau^2$ in the inner region of the zero-pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer. Comparisons are made of the LES-wall-model results with both equivalent predictions using experimental time series, and also with direct experimental measurements at $Re_\tau = 7,300, 13,600$ and $19,000$. LES combined with the wall model are then used to extend the inner-layer predictions to Reynolds numbers within a gap in $\log(Re_\tau)$ space between laboratory measurements and surface-layer, atmospheric experiments.