Sidewall effects in mushy-zone convection

The directional solidification of a two-component melt forming a dendritic mushy zone can lead to convective instabilities in the mush that lead to localized chimneys that in turn can lead to imperfections (freckles) in the solid. We extend present theories to include the presence of ampule sidewalls at which heat is lost. The result is a curved mush-liquid front, solutal/thermal boundary layers at the sides, and altered convective patterns and chimneys.