The second turbulence and the first galaxies

The first turbulence was the strongly exothermic turbulent combustion that produced the big bang (1). Strong force freeze-out by quark-gluon-viscous forces damped the turbulence and inflated space (2). The second turbulence occurred in the plasma epoch, triggered by the expansion of space and gravitational fragmentation of the H-He plasma into proto-supercluster-voids. Proto-galaxies formed in chains just before the transition to gas, reflecting viscous straining along vortex lines, where maximum positive rate-of-strain plus the positive straining of the expanding universe stretched and separated proto-galaxies caused by gravity and maximum negative rate-of-strain compression opposing universe expansion. The dim most distant galaxies revealed by the Hubble Space Telescope (figure) are in chains of clumps (3) with $\sim $1500 times more dark matter (planets) than luminous matter (stars). See figure at http://www-acs.ucsd.edu/$\sim$ir118 \newline \newline 1. Gibson, C. H., ``The First Turbulent Combustion,'' Combustion Science and Technology, 177: 1049--1071, 2005 \newline 2. Gibson, C. H., ``The first turbulence and the first fossil turbulence.'' Flow Turbulence and Combustion, 72, 161--179, 2004 \newline 3. Elmegreen, D. M. et al., ``Chain galaxies {\ldots} '', ApJ 603:75, 2004