Superfluid rarefaction flow and emergent dynamics

Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) offer a remarkable platform for exploring complex quantum flows, revealing intricate dynamics analog to other complex physical systems. This work focuses on rarefaction flow, an especially intriguing flow with a continuously changing flow field. Using a BEC in an effectively one-dimensional (1D) channel, we provide a comprehensive characterization of the flow, including measurements of Riemann invariants, the emergence and destruction of sonic white holes in the flow field, and reflection dynamics from an optical dam. The future scope of this work will also be discussed.