Low temperature physics in a Fermi-Hubbard quantum simulator

Quantum gas microscopy provides a unique toolkit to investigate the rich quantum phases of the Fermi-Hubbard model. This is a fundamental model in condensed matter physics exhibiting properties relevant to many intriguing strongly-correlated systems, such as cuprate high-temperature superconductors. In particular, many open problems beyond the reach of current numerical methods exist at low temperatures and dopings away from half-filling. To reach this regime, we demonstrate in this work a several-fold reduction of temperature in a fermionic quantum gas microscope. This is accomplished by transforming a low entropy product state into strongly-correlated states of interest via dynamic control of the model parameters. We then explore several novel, low-temperature phenomena in this regime, including an enhanced spin response to lattice anisotropy. Our work opens the door to improving our understanding of phases that have been historically challenging to access through classical simulations.