Exploration of dipolar quantum phases with a degenerate gas of NaCs molecules

Quantum gases of polar molecules have been proposed as a rich system in which long-range interactions can be tuned from the weakly interacting to the unexplored strongly interacting regime. Starting from a BEC of polar molecules [1], we tune the dipolar and s-wave interactions while retaining a long-lived gas through double microwave shielding. Utilizing this control, we set out to explore different quantum phases including droplets and droplet arrays.

[1] “Observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of dipolar molecules,” Bigagli, N., Yuan, W., Zhang, S., Bulatovic, B., Karman, T., Stevenson, I., Will, S., arXiv:2312.10965 (2023).