Manipulating non-Hermitian skin effect via electric fields

In non-Hermitian systems, the phenomenon that the bulk-band eigenstates are accumulated at

the boundaries of the systems under open boundary conditions is called non-Hermitian skin effffect

(NHSE), which is one of the most iconic and important features of a non-Hermitian system. In this

work, we investigate the fate of NHSE in the presence of electric fifields by analytically calculating

the dynamical evolution of an initial bulk state and numerically computing the spectral winding

number, the distributions of eigenstates, as well as the dynamical evolutions. We show the abundant

manipulation effffects of dc and ac fifields on the NHSE, and the physical mechanism behind is the

interplay between the Stark localization, dynamic localization and the NHSE. In addition, the fifinite

size analysis of the non-Hermitian system with a pure dc fifield shows the phenomenon of size

dependent NHSE. The results will help to deepen the understanding of NHSE and its manipulation.