Enhanced effects of violation of the fundamental symmetries, variation of the fundamental constants and dark matter field in thorium clock.

Victor Flambaum

Enhanced effects of violation of the fundamental symmetries, variation of the fundamental constants and dark matter field in thorium clock.

ORAL · Invited

Abstract

Thorium clock based on 8 eV transition in ²²⁹Th nucleus has very high projected accuracy and strongly enhanced sensitivity to the effects of violation of the Lorentz invariance and Einstein equivalence principle, variation of the fundamental constants and dark matter field. Sensitivity to the variation of the fine structure constant alpha is expressed in terms of the difference between the charge radii between the excited and ground states. This gives the enhancement factor K=8000. This enhancement is also relevant to the dark matter search since interaction with dark matter leads to oscillating alpha.

    A different mechanism related to the octupole deformation in the²²⁹Th nucleus enhances time reversal invariance violating moments such as the nuclear Schiff moment and atomic electric dipole moment. This allows one to test unification theories predicting CP violation and search for axion dark matter in experiments with thorium molecules.

     Probability of electronic transition excitation in thorium atom and ions exceeds probability of nuclear 8 eV transition excitation by many orders of magnitude. Therefore, the electronic bridge mechanism may be used to excited the nuclear transition. The excitation is transferred from electronic shells to nucleus by the hyperfine interaction.

Another candidate for nuclear clock may be 76 eV transition in ²³⁵U.

This presentation is based on the following publications:

1. C. J. Campbell, A. G. Radnaev, A. Kuzmich, V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum, and A. Derevianko, Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 120802 (2012).

2. V.V. Flambaum. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 072501 (2016),

3. V.V. Flambaum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 092502 1-3 (2006).

4.V.V. Flambaum, R.B. Wiringa, Phys. Rev. C 79, 034302 (2009).

5. J.C. Berengut,V.A. Dzuba, V.V. Flambaum, S.G. Porsev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 210801 (2009).

6. P. Fadeev, J. C. Berengut, and V. V. Flambaum, Phys. Rev. A 102, 052833 (2020).

7. Y. V. Stadnik and V. V. Flambaum. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 201301 (2015).

8. S.G. Porsev, V.V. Flambaum, E. Peik, Chr. Tamm, Phys.Rev. Lett 105,182501 (2010).

9. J. C. Berengut, V. A. Dzuba and V. V. Flambaum,Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 120801 (2010).

10. V.V. Flambaum, Phys. Rev. C 99, 035501 (2019).

11. Y. V. Stadnik and V. V. Flambaum. Phys. Rev. D 89, 043522 (2014).

June 3, 2021, 9:00 AM – June 3, 2021, 9:30 AM

Publication: 1. A Single-Ion Nuclear Clock for Metrology at the 19th Decimal Place. C. J. Campbell, A. G. Radnaev, A. Kuzmich, V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum, and A. Derevianko, Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 120802 (2012). 2. Enhancing the effect of Lorentz invariance and Einstein's equivalence principle violation in nuclei and atoms, V.V. Flambaum. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 072501 (2016), 3. Enhanced effect of temporal variation of the fine structure constant and strong interaction in 229Th. V.V. Flambaum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 092502 1-3 (2006). 4.Enhanced effect of quark mass variation in 229Th and limits from Oklo data, V.V. Flambaum, R.B. Wiringa, Phys. Rev. C 79, 034302 (2009). 5. Proposed experimental method to determine the alpha sensitivity of splitting between ground and 7.6 eV isomeric states in 229Th, J.C. Berengut,V.A. Dzuba, V.V. Flambaum, S.G. Porsev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 210801 (2009). 6. Sensitivity of $^{229}$Th nuclear clock transition to variation of the fine-structure constant. P. Fadeev, J. C. Berengut, and V. V. Flambaum, Phys. Rev. A 102, 052833 (2020). 7. Can dark matter induce cosmological evolution of the fundamental constants of Nature? Y. V. Stadnik and V. V. Flambaum. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 201301 (2015). 8. Excitation of the isomeric 229mTh nuclear state via an electronic bridge process in 229Th+, S.G. Porsev, V.V. Flambaum, E. Peik, Chr. Tamm, Phys.Rev. Lett 105,182501 (2010). 9. Enhanced laboratory sensitivity to variation of the fine-structure constant using highly-charged ions, J. C. Berengut, V. A. Dzuba and V. V. Flambaum,Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 120801 (2010). 10. Enhanced nuclear Schiff moment and time reversal violation in 229Th-containing molecules, V.V. Flambaum, Phys. Rev. C 99, 035501 (2019), 11. Axion-induced effects in atoms, molecules and nuclei: Parity nonconservation, anapole moments, electric dipole moments, and spin-gravity and spin-axion momentum couplings. Y. V. Stadnik and V. V. Flambaum. Phys. Rev. D 89, 043522 (2014).

Presenters

Victor Flambaum

University of New South Wales

Authors

Victor Flambaum

University of New South Wales