Measurement of $^{85}Rb$ excited state lifetime using two-pulse photon echo

Eric Rotberg; Scott Beattie; Thomas Cravens; Thomas Cravens; A. Kumarakrishnan

Measurement of $^{85}Rb$ excited state lifetime using two-pulse photon echo

POSTER

Abstract

We have observed two-pulse photon echoes in a Doppler broadened rubidium vapor. The system interacts with traveling wave optical pulses that are $\sim10 ns$ in duration. The pulses are on resonance with the $F=3 \rightarrow F'=4$ transition in $^ {85}Rb$ and they are generated from a cw laser using an acousto- optic modulators. The first pulse, occurring at $t=0$, induces a macroscopic dipole moment that dephases due to atomic motion. The second pulse, occurring at $t=T$, reverses the direction of the dephasing process so that the echo is formed at $t=2T$. The echo is detected using a heterodyne tehnique and its intensity decays exponentially as a function of $2T$. Our results suggest that the excited state lifetime can be determined to a precision of $\sim1$ $\%$ from the decay time constant. We present a detailed analysis of the systematic effects that contribute to the decay.

Authors

Eric Rotberg
Scott Beattie
Thomas Cravens

JILA, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, University of Colorado, Lehigh University, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Pennsylvania State University Berks, Universite Rennes, Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Institute for Photonics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria and Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany, Faculty of Physics, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany, Phys. Dept., Kansas State University, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, Kansas State University, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Queen's Univ., Belfast, U.K., Max Planck Institute for Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Univ. of Giessen, Germany, Advanced Light Source, LBNL, Univ. of Nevada, Reno, Kansas State U., Auburn U., Australian Nat. U., Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Siena College, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn. State University, Berks-Lehigh Valley College, Bergishe Universitat Wuppertal, University of Georgia, Union College Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK, School of Science \& Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK., Department of Physics, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Department of Physics, Florida A\&M University, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, Department of Physics, Rollins College, Winter Park FL 32789, University of Nebraska, University of Newcastle-Ourimbah, U. Missouri-Rolla, U. Kentucky, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC, Wayne State University, University of California, Berkeley, School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Colby College, University of Windsor, Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics - The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1081; Department of Physics - The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1081, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory - Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08543, Department of Physics - The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1081, Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Physics Department, Harvard University, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545, Rice University, Physics Department, University of Connecticut, $^1$UCONN, $^2$ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian CFA, $^3$CUA, Harvard/MIT, University of Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck and IQOQI Innsbruck, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8423, USA, 5. Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany, School of Physics and Center for Near Field and Atom Photon Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea, FOCUS Center and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, NIST, Boulder, Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea, Department of Physics, Yale University, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Griffith University, Australia, IFGW-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP, Brazil, Caltech, NIST, University of Washington, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Univeristy of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309, USC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Universidade de Sao Paulo, G.A.N.I.L., University of California-Berkeley, Department of Physics, Washington State University, MIT, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 FARO, Portugal, University of Oklahoma Dept. of Physics and Astronomy 440 W Brooks St Norman, OK 73019, State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia, University of Wisconsin, Physics Div, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Dept. of Physics, East Carolina Univ., Dept. of Physics, Bridgewater State College, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Georgia State Univ., Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Missouri-Rolla, Physics Department, Pennsylvania State University, Novosibirsk State University, Harvard-Smithsonian, Physics Department, MIT, Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, EECS Department, MIT, (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology), (University of Connecticut), University of Electro-Communications, Japan, Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA, Department of Experimental Physics, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland, UNAM Cuernavaca, Mexico, Queen's University, Belfast, U.K., University of Giessen, Germany, University of Nevada, Reno, Daresbury Lab, University of Stuttgart, ITAMP, Harvard University, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, The Hebrew University, Clark Atlanta University, A. F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russia, The Hebrew University, Israel, State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Russia, University of Kentucky, SRC, University of Wisconsin, Voronezh State University, Russia, Drake University, Institut f\"ur Kernphysik, Universit\"at Frankfurt, August-Euler-Str. 6, 60486 Frankfurt, FRG, Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research, Troitsk, 142092, Russia, Department of Applied Mathematics, and Theoretical Physics,The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK, Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0116, ORNL, Auburn University, Queens' University Belfast, JPL/Caltech, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Rome ``La Sapienza'', Italy, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Maryland, JILA - NIST/University of Colorado, Simon Fraser University, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, Vienna University of Technology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory and Department of Physics, Kansas State University, James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-2604, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, Dept. of Physics, University of Toronto, NIST, Gaithersburg, Department of Physics, Boston College, University of Connecticut, Dept. of Physics, Duke University, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, University of Arizona, LANL, Rollins College, University of Strathclyde, University of Missouri-Rolla, Physics Department, University of Michigan, Brigham Young University, Intense Laser Physics Theory Unit and Department of Physics, Illinois State University, Department of Physics, University of Northern Iowa, Princeton University, Imperial College London, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Institut f\"ur Experimentalphysik, Universit\"at Innsbruck, Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Arizon, Tucson, Russian Nuclear Physics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Hebrew University, University of California at Berkeley, University of Amsterdam, Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics (Storrs, CT), Rice University, Houston, Texas, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Road, Charlottesville VA 22904-4714, JILA and University of Colorado, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, LPC CAEN, BCD du Marechal Juin, 14050 CAEN CEDEX, France, Laboratoire de Spectrometrie Ionique et Moleculaire (LASIM) URM CNRS 5579 Universite Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln., College of the Holy Cross, Arifov Institute of Electronics, Uzbekistan, UNLV, LBNL, LLNL, GSU, Universidad Centro de Ciencias F\'isicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\'{o}noma de M\'{e}xico, Cuernavaca, M\'{e}xico, ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Denmark, Dept of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, UK, Georgia State University, Clark Atlanta University, USA, Queen's University Belfast, Observatiore de Paris, Western Michigan University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - ALS, Denison University, Denison Uiversity, Phys. Dept. Kansas State University, Purdue University, Lafayette College, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield UK, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 87545, Department of Physics University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4714, Institut d'Optique, Orsay, U. of Nebraska, Loras College, U. of Newcastle-Ourimbah, University of Hertfordshire, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Australian National University, University of California, Davis and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis
Thomas Cravens

JILA, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, University of Colorado, Lehigh University, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Pennsylvania State University Berks, Universite Rennes, Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Institute for Photonics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria and Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany, Faculty of Physics, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany, Phys. Dept., Kansas State University, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, Kansas State University, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Queen's Univ., Belfast, U.K., Max Planck Institute for Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Univ. of Giessen, Germany, Advanced Light Source, LBNL, Univ. of Nevada, Reno, Kansas State U., Auburn U., Australian Nat. U., Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Siena College, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn. State University, Berks-Lehigh Valley College, Bergishe Universitat Wuppertal, University of Georgia, Union College Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK, School of Science \& Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK., Department of Physics, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Department of Physics, Florida A\&M University, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, Department of Physics, Rollins College, Winter Park FL 32789, University of Nebraska, University of Newcastle-Ourimbah, U. Missouri-Rolla, U. Kentucky, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC, Wayne State University, University of California, Berkeley, School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Colby College, University of Windsor, Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics - The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1081; Department of Physics - The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1081, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory - Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08543, Department of Physics - The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1081, Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Physics Department, Harvard University, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545, Rice University, Physics Department, University of Connecticut, $^1$UCONN, $^2$ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian CFA, $^3$CUA, Harvard/MIT, University of Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck and IQOQI Innsbruck, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8423, USA, 5. Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany, School of Physics and Center for Near Field and Atom Photon Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea, FOCUS Center and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, NIST, Boulder, Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea, Department of Physics, Yale University, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Griffith University, Australia, IFGW-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP, Brazil, Caltech, NIST, University of Washington, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Univeristy of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309, USC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Universidade de Sao Paulo, G.A.N.I.L., University of California-Berkeley, Department of Physics, Washington State University, MIT, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 FARO, Portugal, University of Oklahoma Dept. of Physics and Astronomy 440 W Brooks St Norman, OK 73019, State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia, University of Wisconsin, Physics Div, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Dept. of Physics, East Carolina Univ., Dept. of Physics, Bridgewater State College, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Georgia State Univ., Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Missouri-Rolla, Physics Department, Pennsylvania State University, Novosibirsk State University, Harvard-Smithsonian, Physics Department, MIT, Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, EECS Department, MIT, (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology), (University of Connecticut), University of Electro-Communications, Japan, Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA, Department of Experimental Physics, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland, UNAM Cuernavaca, Mexico, Queen's University, Belfast, U.K., University of Giessen, Germany, University of Nevada, Reno, Daresbury Lab, University of Stuttgart, ITAMP, Harvard University, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, The Hebrew University, Clark Atlanta University, A. F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russia, The Hebrew University, Israel, State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Russia, University of Kentucky, SRC, University of Wisconsin, Voronezh State University, Russia, Drake University, Institut f\"ur Kernphysik, Universit\"at Frankfurt, August-Euler-Str. 6, 60486 Frankfurt, FRG, Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research, Troitsk, 142092, Russia, Department of Applied Mathematics, and Theoretical Physics,The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK, Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0116, ORNL, Auburn University, Queens' University Belfast, JPL/Caltech, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Rome ``La Sapienza'', Italy, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Maryland, JILA - NIST/University of Colorado, Simon Fraser University, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, Vienna University of Technology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory and Department of Physics, Kansas State University, James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-2604, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, Dept. of Physics, University of Toronto, NIST, Gaithersburg, Department of Physics, Boston College, University of Connecticut, Dept. of Physics, Duke University, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, University of Arizona, LANL, Rollins College, University of Strathclyde, University of Missouri-Rolla, Physics Department, University of Michigan, Brigham Young University, Intense Laser Physics Theory Unit and Department of Physics, Illinois State University, Department of Physics, University of Northern Iowa, Princeton University, Imperial College London, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Institut f\"ur Experimentalphysik, Universit\"at Innsbruck, Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Arizon, Tucson, Russian Nuclear Physics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Hebrew University, University of California at Berkeley, University of Amsterdam, Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics (Storrs, CT), Rice University, Houston, Texas, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Road, Charlottesville VA 22904-4714, JILA and University of Colorado, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, LPC CAEN, BCD du Marechal Juin, 14050 CAEN CEDEX, France, Laboratoire de Spectrometrie Ionique et Moleculaire (LASIM) URM CNRS 5579 Universite Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln., College of the Holy Cross, Arifov Institute of Electronics, Uzbekistan, UNLV, LBNL, LLNL, GSU, Universidad Centro de Ciencias F\'isicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\'{o}noma de M\'{e}xico, Cuernavaca, M\'{e}xico, ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Denmark, Dept of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, UK, Georgia State University, Clark Atlanta University, USA, Queen's University Belfast, Observatiore de Paris, Western Michigan University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - ALS, Denison University, Denison Uiversity, Phys. Dept. Kansas State University, Purdue University, Lafayette College, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield UK, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 87545, Department of Physics University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4714, Institut d'Optique, Orsay, U. of Nebraska, Loras College, U. of Newcastle-Ourimbah, University of Hertfordshire, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Australian National University, University of California, Davis and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis
A. Kumarakrishnan

York University