$\alpha $-quantized Einstein masses for leptons, quarks, hadrons, gauge bosons, and Higgs constants
ORAL
Abstract
The Einstein particle mass $\varepsilon _{i}$ is defined by the equation $\varepsilon _{i}$ = E$_{i}$ / c$^{2}$. The basic particle ground states have unique additive Einstein masses (energies), and they interleave in $\alpha $-quantized ($\alpha ^{-1}$ = 137) energy plots to form distinctive excitation patterns. The $\varepsilon _{u,d,s,c,b,t}$ Einstein masses are \textit{constituent-quark} masses. Particle generation proceeds via ``$\alpha $-boosted'' \textit{boson}, \textit{fermion}, and \textit{gauge-boson} ``unit masses,'' which are ``bundled'' together to form particles and quarks. The Einstein mass equations extend throughout the entire range of particle masses. Lederman and Hill\footnote{L. M. Lederman and C. T. Hill, \textit{Symmetry }(Prometheus Books, Amherst, 2004), p. 282.} note that the scalar Higgs and Fermi fields are at the 175 GeV energy scale of the top quark $t$, and they suggest the Higgs coupling constant equation $g_{e}=m_{e}$/$m_{t}$ = 0.0000029, which matches the Einstein mass expression $g_{e}=\alpha ^{2}$/18.
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Authors
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Malcolm Mac Gregor
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Retired)