Mitigating the viewing angle bias for standard siren

Gravitational waves generated from compact binary mergers can provide an independent measurement of the Hubble constant H₀, potentially resolving the Hubble tension. The luminosity distance of these events can be directly measured by the gravitational-wave signal alone, and together with a redshift estimate can provide an independent measurement of H₀​. By combining enough events, we can obtain a precise measurement of the Hubble parameter to discriminate between other observational values. It is known that the GW distance measurement can be improved if the binary viewing angle is inferred from the observations of the GW electromagnetic counterpart. However, systematics could be introduced if the viewing angle inference is not accurate. In this talk, I will present a framework that mitigates such bias, producing not only precise but also accurate estimates of H₀​.