Protoplanetary accretion discs, planet formation, and gravitational instability.

Since ALMA began operations in 2015, we have been availed of a plethora of resolved millimetre images of protoplanetary discs. We have realised that substructure in these discs, such as rings, spirals and gaps, are the norm rather than the exception. This talk discusses the state of the field and highlights recent developments, particularly the move away from using continuum images to infer the underlying properties of the disc, and instead relying on kinematic detections of substructure and new AI methods to find it.