Five Perplexities about the Theory of Special Relativity

Following five perplexities about the theory of special relativity confused us for a while, and need help to clarify them to solve our confusion:

1. The physical model (a ray moving relative to a rigid rod) used by Einstein to derive the special theory of relativity seems not a suitable model, and the resulting mathematical model (Lorentz transformation, etc.) need to be reconsidered.

2. Passive relative systems create numerous contradictory calculation results.

3. Einstein discussed special relativity extensively using a sample system in sections 6 to 11 of his book <Relativity: Special and General Theory>. But this sample system needs to be identified it is a or not a relativistic system.

4. The synchronous transfer rule defined by Einstein in "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" seems cannot universally applied.

5. Why did Einstein repeatedly emphasize that there is no “relative system that maintains absolute simultaneity?” Why people cannot find a relative system maintaining absolute simultaneity before? We considered perhaps there are countless relativistic systems maintain absolute simultaneity.

We hope our puzzles can be discussed and solved by an extensive discussion.