Exploring within Feynman Diagram Vertices: Geometric, Topological, and Parametric Impedances

Mass is quantized. All elementary particles have quantum impedance networks (QINs) of wavefunction interactions, easily calculated and converted to electromagnetic. In QED, as in classical electrodynamics, impedance matching governs amplitude and phase of energy flow, of information transmission. The concept got lost in particle physics. Its inclusion permits calculating QINs at all scales, Planck to cosmological, smoothly and continuously. Such a model is naturally finite. Mismatches to both singularity and boundary are infinite. As explained in section 18.4 of Bjorken and Drell, mismatches are Feynman's regulators. Both Bjorken and Feynman were stymied by topological inversion of mechanical impedance, whose units are kg/s. One expects that more kg/s means more flow. However more impedance means less flow. Natural finiteness permits QINs to explore parametrically non-linear energy flow within vertices of Feynman diagrams, opening new windows in the Standard Model of particle physics, as well as that of cosmology.

"The hard part will be getting physicists to think in terms of impedances''

Richard Talman, walking to lunch at Brookhaven cafeteria (April 2012)