Numerical Study of Single-Inclusive Longitudinal-Transverse Double-Spin Asymmetries in Electron-Nucleon and Proton-Proton Collisions

High-energy collisions allow us to probe the interaction of quarks and gluons, which make up the internal structure of hadrons. In the aftermath of these collisions, other particles are formed, such as pions. These pions are produced in different quantities and directions depending on the type of collision and the orientation of the spins of the initial-state particles involved. These asymmetries can be measured in experiments. Our research focuses on the asymmetry A_LT involving a longitudinally polarized electron or proton colliding with a transversely polarized proton, with a single pion, photon, or jet detected in the final state. Using new information on the functional form of parton distribution functions (PDFs) and fragmentation functions (FFs) involved in calculating A_LT, we make predictions for Jefferson Lab, COMPASS, RHIC, and the future Electron-Ion Collider. We use Bayesian statistics to generate rigorous uncertainty bands. These observables should give us more insight into the quark-gluon-quark interactions that occur inside of hadrons.