Avoiding the Mass Injection Problem for Astrophysical Jets by using Directed Gravity (Relativistic Beaming of the Gravitational Force.)

Astrophysical jets emitted at the poles of many black holes are difficult to explain because the gravitational force is presumed too powerful to allow for the escape of massive particles from the hole. However, if Directed Gravity (relativistic beaming of the gravitational force) applies to black holes, then the gravitational force in the polar directions should be reduced, allowing the pressure differential to overcome gravity, such that jets of superfluid neutrons can escape the black hole at the poles.

I first apply the theory to neutron stars, and then apply it to black holes. I will calculate the expected jet speed for a canonical neutron star, as well as for the jets of the stellar mass black hole Cygnus X-1, and the supermassive black hole M-87*. I rely on my paper "Relativistic Beaming of Gravity and the Missing Mass Problem," Thejournalofcosmology.com, Vol.26, No. 27. I also rely on my paper "A Proposed Unification of Neutron Stars and Black Holes," which is available at my website at Directedgravity.com.