Quantum game theory and ideal quantum strategies

Principles of quantum physics can be applied to game theory, or the study of strategic interactions between rational actors. Specifically, classical games like the penny flip and the prisoner's dilemma may be extended with quantum systems. In such games, players may employ principles such as superposition or entanglement as they attempt to maximize their payoff. Meyer [PRL 82, 1052 (1999)] claims that the use of quantum strategies rewards a player with a 100% chance of victory against a classical player within the PQ penny flip game, which he devised, thereby displaying an extreme example of so-called quantum advantage. Employing IBM quantum simulators, I first investigate whether this quantum advantage is solely attributable to the use of quantum strategies and therefore genuine. I then investigate how an ideal quantum strategy evolves as the quantum player's awareness of the classical player's bias increases. Lastly, I display possible applications of quantum game theory.